When applied as part of a structured approach, predictive modelling can provide deep process and product understanding, and can enable true, continuous process validation as envisioned by ICH ...

Predictive modelling involves using a model of a process, usually a computer model, to predict a likely outcome. Model predictive control (MPC) takes this further and uses a dynamic model to calculate ...

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant chronic respiratory condition characterised by persistent airway obstruction, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality ...