In some platforms like arduino:zephyr, the bootloader could be uploaded with the same protocol as the uploader, so there is no reason to require the programmer.

Optiboot is now installed by default on the Arduino Uno. It can be installed on all older mega8, 168 or 328 based Arduinos. Optiboot is "compatible", in a loose sense, with all versions of the Arduino ...

Since you lacked the USB interface in your own Arduino board, it becomes necessary to use a homemade/ready-made USB to Serial Converter Module as an efficient and economical solution. Inexpensive and ...

There are many reasons to build your own Arduino circuit on a protoboard or a custom-designed printed circuit board. At the heart of the Arduino platform is an AVR microcontroller, in usual way you ...