Therefore one must have detailed knowledge about the procedure of measurement to allow identification and quantification of all reasonable sources. Examples of sources of uncertainty in our field are ...

The SD and the standard uncertainty will therefore have the same size. A word of warning: sometimes the variation is given as a coefficient of variation (CV) or confidence interval rather than SD.

This paper describes a new algorithm for the 2­D converted-measurement Kalman filter (CMKF) which estimates a target’s Cartesian state given polar position measurements. At each processing index, the ...