Upper-gastrointestinal endoscopies with biopsies were performed on 35 patients, and samples of gastric juice were obtained from the antrum and corpus. In total, 25 patients were hypochlorhydric and 10 ...

Diagnosis of H. pylori infection can be clinical or based on noninvasive or invasive testing. In 2007, the American College of Gastroenterology published guidelines for H. pylori testing 15 (Table 2).