Background Patients with heart failure (HF) frequently suffer from undetected declines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), which significantly increases their risk of poor outcomes. However, current ...

Background/aims Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most frequent long-term complication after cataract surgery, caused by proliferation of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs). Metformin, a ...

Objective Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality globally, necessitating early risk identification to improve prevention and management strategies. Traditional risk ...